Smoke and gas consuming furnace



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' G. FARR. v

v SMOKE AND GAS OONSUMING FURNACE.

No. 272,035. Patented Feb. 13,1883.

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G. FARR.

SMOKE AND GAS GONSUMIING FURNACE, -No. 272,035. 4 Patented Feb. 13,1883.

. UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE FARR, vOF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SMOKE AND GAS CONSUMING FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 272,035, dated February13, 1883,

Application filed July 8, 18852.

' marked thereon, which formpart of'this specification.

This invention has for its objects to economize fuel and to preventtheformation ofsmoke in steam-boilers and other furnaces.

The specific objects to be attained by this invention are perfectcombustion of thegases arising from the heated fuel in steam-engineandother furnaces for the purpose of preventing smoke andeconomizingfuel; to retain within such furnaces much of the heat whichnow passes away to the chimney without producing any usefuleffectj; toarrest a portion of the smoke and gases and mix them with highlyheatedair and superheated steam before supplying the mixturecaused thereby tothe fur.- nace, and to facilitate the evaporation of steam by anevenly-distributed heat to all the heating-surfaces of the boiler.Heretofore when.

burning fuel for the purpose of generating steam and for other purposesthe products of such combustion have been at once carried away by theordinary pressure of the atmosphere with greater or less rapidity fromthe furnace through the flues in or around the generator to the chimneyor uptake; and it is well known that when generating steam by themethods heretofore practiced there is a very considerable waste of fuel,much of the heat developed by the combustionof the fuel pass.

ing away through the chimney both in an active and latent form. Now,according to my invention, I carry on the combustion of the fuel in thefurnace at a higher atmospheric pressure, than the ordinary atmosphere;and by means of my trapping devices and my forced blast I cause theproducts of combustion to travel from the furnace through the flues at ahigher pressure than the ordinary pressure of the atmosphere, and stillat the same time (No model.)

retard their escape, by' means of which the gases are made to give upmore of their heat than when allowed to pass offin the ordinary way. i

To these ends'my invention consists in the peculiar construction andarrangement of the.

flame-bed ot' furnaces, by means of which I am enabled to heat a largebody of air, and in devices for employing this highly-heated air to mixwith a portion of the gases passing 0% through the furnace, and alsowith means for superheating steam, which is employed for forcing,impelling, and exhausting the said portion of the gases from theflame-bed, where: by the combined mixture ofhot gases, highlyheated air,and superheated steam is forced into the primary combustion-chamberunder pressure, as before described.

The invention further consists in the construction and'arrangement ofinverted bridgewalls or diaphragms arranged in front and rear ofbridge-wall proper, and in other details of construction, as willhereinafter more fully appear.

And that my said improvement may be fully i understood, I will nowproceed to describe the accompanying drawings hereunto annexed,reference being bad to the letters and figures marked thereon, likeletters denoting the like parts in all the figures, which willb'ereferred derived from the air, and be supplied with the l them intomechanical mixture with the highlyheated air and superheated steam,breaking them up into small currents, in order to facilitate thechemical union of said elements, and thus produce a combustible mixture,and to do this in such place and manner as to insure the necessary heatfor their combustion.

The means I adopt to secure the above results are shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a cylindrical boiler mounted over one ofmy improved furnaces, the furnace being in longitudinal section andexhibiting my severalimprovements. Fig. 2 is a plan View, in horizontalsect-ion, of the furnace with the boiler removed, taken on the line or mof Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on the line y y of Fig.l, plainly showing the smoke and gas induction pipes, theirsteam-nozzles, and the spark and cinder emptying valves; and Fig. 4tshows a modification of the method of inducing currents of air andgases, and of the means of heating the air and of forcing the combinedmixture into the furnace.

A represents an ordinary boiler, and B the furnace; O, the flamechamber; D, the intermediate combustion-chamber, and E the gratebars.

F is the bridge-wall, provided at its top with a rearwardly-projectinglip, G, extending partly over the gas-induction pipes H H. These pipesor flues are flaring at their months for the more ready induction of thegases. They connect with across-pipe, I, attheir lower ends, whichconveys the gases, hot air, and superheated steam to the side pipes, JJ, and connect also to a pipe, K, which supplies hot air to the mixture.This pipe K, as may be seen at Fig. 2, is somewhat T-shaped in planview, only slightly curving to adapt it to the natural flow of the airpassing through it. It show the branches united to the main air-pipe K.

L shows thesteam-pipe, which'conveys steam to the superheating-ooil M.This superheater heats steam both for exhausting-nozzles ct and for theimpeding-nozzles I). The steam from the superheater for supplying theexhaustingnozzles a is conveyed through branch pipe N, winchconnectsbyelbow c with a pipe, 01, concentrically arranged in the air,gas, and steam pipe J. The pipe J is also provided with nozzles e, intowhich steam-nozzles a enter and through which the combined mixture isintroduced into the furnace. At thisjunction of the hot-air pipe K withthe hot-gas-induction pipe'H will be seen an overhanging lip,f. Theobject of this lip is to deflect the air downward in the direction ofthe steam-nozzle.

- This lip falso prevents any dust or cinders to clean out the pipes H Hof any cindersthatmay fall into them lrom over the bridge-wall.

Although most of the einders will be deflected off by the lip or hood G,a further use of the valves or dampers O O is that an additional supplyof air may be admitted through them, according to the kind of fuel used,as it is well known that some fuel requires more oxygen of atmosphericair than others, or that the air, gases, and steam may require to bemodified by an additional supply of cold air direct from the outside.The weights g 9 will automatically retain the Valves in position, andthey may be opened by means of rod t.

The supply of air may be controlled by valves on the mouths of airpipes.These valves being in common use, none are shown.

Referring again to the furnace-chambers. 1? represents an invertedbridgewall or diaphragm, which divides the tire-box transversely. Thisdiaphragm is preferably made ofthe best refractory material, and restsupon a pipe, Q, located across thefurnace. This pipe may be perforatedforthe supply of air, if desired; and when the fire-box has sidewater-legs'the pipe may be used for a stay, and also for the circulatlonof water through it. It is obvious that it may be supported by anywell-known means. I prefer to incline the diaphragm or partition plate Ptoward the front of the furnace, for the reason that the heatis greaterback of the partition than in front ofit. By this means I exposea largerportion of the boiler to agreater heat than would be the case if thepartition were perpendicular; and by this means a greater evaporation ofthe water into steam takes place. 7

In rear of the bridge-wall and beyond the induction-pipes I arrange apendent curved partition or diaphragm, R, which I prefer to supportbyawater-circulatingpipe.m,although it may be supported by any approvedmeans. The objectof this partition is to cause the gases to eddy, andcause them to deflect into the mouths of the gas-induction pipes H HQThe reason of locating it so far from the mouths of the pipes H H isthat any sparks, einders, or dust thrown off by the hood G from enteringthe said pipes will strike the curve of the deflector 1t and fall beyondthe mouths of said pipes, and thus partially prevent them from fillingup with cinders. The second reason for locating the partition R Where itis, is that the cinders and dust deflected from it fall upon the air andsteam pipes, covering them and protecting them from the intense heatpassing over them between the top of the bridge-wall and the bottom ofpartition R.

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The operation is as follows: The fire being into pipes H H from over thebridge-wall. 1-30 Valve n is then opened, which lets steam onto thenozzles a and e, which draws the gaseous mixture from pipes H H J J, andforces them into the front chamber of the fire-box, under the inclinedpartition, and down on the top surface of the fuel. 'This mixture isthen made to mingle again with the'gases arising from the fuel, which isnot so hot as the gaseous mixture, which is nearly 1,000 Fahrenheit.These gases thoroughly mix,.and as soon as brought in contact with eachother they are ignited and are entirely consumed. The heat and flamethus produced are both impelled and drawn through the burning fuel, andunder the front partition, and into and over the incandescent fuel inchamber D, where they receive additional units of heat, the gasesbecoming more completely burned than before, if possible, so that by thetime the flame reaches the flame-chamber 0 there is nothing but pureheat,without smoke or any of the combustible gases.

The above-described process is continuously repeated during theworking-hours of the apparatus, or as long'as the steam is let onto theconveying-pipes. When all the fuel is in a state of incandescence, andthe gases from the fuel are not voluminous, the flow of steam may bemodified by the controlling steamvalves, which also control the supplyof air through the pipes.

Other forms of superheaters, and also of induction-pipes, may be usedwithout departing from the spirit of my invention. 1 do not thereforedesire to be confined to the exact form or arrangement shown.

I am aware that it is not broadly new to exhaust a portion of theunconsumed gases from the combustion-chamber, nor from the smoke finesof steam-boilers; but- I am not aware that the same means were everbefore employed, nor that. the same arrangements were ever beforedesigned, nor that the resultant action was ever before so complete asin the present invention. I do not therefore claim broadly taking wasteor escaping gases from the combustion chamber or fluesot steamboilers;but

What Ido claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent-,is--

1. The combination, in a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of theinclined partition, the

curved pendent partition, and the bridge-wall provided with theoverhanging lip, with the induction-tubes, substantially as described,and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a smoke and gas consuming furnace, the combination of the frontand rear pendent partitions, forming combustion' chambers B D andflame-chamber U, the bridge-wall being intermediate of the two, saidpendent parti tions, with a smoke and gas induction chamber or flueinrear of said bridge-wall, substantially as described.

3. A smoke and gas consuming furnace consisting of the frontcombustion-chamber, intermediate combustion chamber, and rearflame-chamber, a smoke and gas conduit, an air-heating conduit, andsuperheated-steaminjecting nozzles, whereby the combined heated air,superheated steam, and unconsumed hot gases are forced in among theburning fuel, substantially as described. a g

4. The combination, in'a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of thechambers D O, the curved pendent deflector R, bridge-wall F,induction-conduits H H, and air-pipe K, provided with branches k k, andpipe J, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, in a smoke-consuming furnace, of thecombustion-chamber, the flamechamber, the curved pendent partition B,the bridge-wall provided with the overhan gin g lip G, the smoke and gasind uction chambers, and the hot-air conduit, with a superheating deviceand injecting-nozzles, wherebya combined mixture of superheated steam,highly-heated air, and" unconsumed smoke and gases is impelled andexhausted from the flame-chamber and forced into the combustion-chamberin the manner set forth and described.

6. The combination, in a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of the smokeand gas induction conduit or conduits H, the airheatiug conduiirK,having branches k k, the said branches having hood or lipf, thesuperheater M, side pipes, J J, and impelling and exhausting nozzles a band gaseous-mixture nozzles e c, all arranged in the manner set forthand described.

7. The combination, with a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of thechambers D and O, the smoke and gas conduits H H, the branched hot-airpipe K k k, and superheater and steam nozzles, the said smoke and gasconduits being provided with valves or dampers 0 0V and weights 9 g, inthe manner set forth and described.

8. The combination, in a smoke and gas consuming furnace, of acombustion-chamber, a bridge-wall having an overhanging lip orhood, oneor more smoke and gas induction conduits,

hot-air-inducting flues, branched as described,

steam-jet nozzles, a cross-pipe, I, provided with GEORGE FARR.

Witnesses:

0. E. DUFFY, M. P. UALLAN.

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